Purpose In Life Test (PIL)
Crumbaugh (1968)
آزمون هدف در زندگی
1. I am usually
1=Completely bored‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4=Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7=exuberant‚ enthusiastic
2. Life to me seems
1=Always exciting‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7= completely routine
3. In life I have
1=No goals or aims at all‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4=neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7=very clear goals and aims
4. My personal existence is
1= Utterly meaningless without purpose‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4=neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7=very purposeful and meaningful
5. Every day is
1= constantly new and different‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7= exactly the same
6. If I could choose‚ I would
1= prefer never to have been born‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7= like nine more lives just like this one
7. After retiring‚ I would
1= do some of the exciting things I have always wanted to‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7=loaf completely the rest of my life
8. In achieving life goals I have
1= made no progress whatever‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7=progressed to complete fulfillment
9. My life is
1= empty‚ filled only with despair‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7=running over with exciting good things
10. If I should die today‚ I would feel that my life has been
1= very worthwhile‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7= completely worthless
11. In thinking of my life‚ I
1= often wonder why I exist‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7=always see a reason or my being here
12. As I view the world in relation to my life‚ the world
1= completely confuses me‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7=fits meaningfully with my life
13. I am a
1= very irresponsible person‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7=very responsible person
14. Concerning man’s freedom to make his own choices‚ I believe man is
1= absolutely free to make all life choices‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7= completely bound by limitations of heredity and environment
15. With regard to death‚ I am
1= prepared and unafraid‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7= unprepared and frightened
16. With regard to suicide‚ I have
1= thought of it seriously as a way out‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7=never given it a second thought
17. I regard my ability to find a meaning‚ purpose‚ or mission in life as
1= very great‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7= practically none
18. My life is
1= in my hands and I am in control of it‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7= out of my hands and controlled by external factors
19. Facing my daily tasks is
1= a source of pleasure and satisfaction‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7= a painful and boring experience
20. I have discovered
1= no mission or purpose in life‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4= Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7= clear-cut goals and a satisfying life purpose?
شرح سایت روان سنجی: این ابزار برای اندازه گیری تجربه ها و احساس از معنا و هدف فرد در زندگی برپایه فلسفه وجودی "فرانکل" ساخته شده است.
اعتبار: آلفا کرونباخ در گزارش های گوناگون از 0.80 تا 0.90 آمده است.
چگونگی دسترسی
http://faculty.fortlewis.edu/burke_b/personality/pil.pdf
http://fetzer.org/sites/default/files/images/stories/pdf/selfmeasures/PURPOSE_MEANING-PurposeInLifeTest.pdf
https://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/dis/infoserv/isrpub/pdf/Measuresofsocialpsychologicalattitudes_2928_.PDF
https://econpapers.repec.org/article/sprjhappi/v_3a12_3ay_3a2011_3ai_3a5_3ap_3a861-876.htm
منابع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Crumbaugh‚J.‚& Maholick‚L. (1964). An experimental study of existentialism: The psychometric approach to Frankl’s concept of noogenic neurosis. Journal of Clinical Psychology‚ 20‚ 200-207.
Crumbaugh‚ J. (1968). Cross-validation of a purpose in life test based on Frankl’s concepts. Journal of Individual Psychology‚ 24:74-81.
Suk-Sun Kim. (2008). Interdependence of Spirituality and Well-Being Among KOREAN Elders and Family Caregivers. THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA .Phd Dissertation.
Robinson‚ John P.‚ Shaver‚ Phillip R. (1969). Measures of Political Attitudes. Institute for Social Research‚ University of Michigan/. Ann Arbor‚ Michigan.
Crumbaugh‚ J. C.‚ & Maholick‚ L. T. (1969).Manual of instructions for the Purpose in Life test. Abilene‚TX: Viktor Frankl Institute of Logotherapy.
Crumbaugh‚ J. C.‚ & Henrion‚ R. (1988). The PIL test: Administration‚ interpretation‚ uses‚ theory andcritique.The International Forum for Logotherapy‚ 11‚ 76–88.
Hutzell‚ R. R. (1988). A review of the Purpose in Life test.The International Forum for Logotherapy‚ 11‚ 89–101.
Schulenberg‚ S. E.‚ & Melton‚ A. M. A. (2010). A confirmatory factor-analytic evaluation of the Purpose inLife test: Preliminary psychometric support for a replicable two-factor model.Journal of HappinessStudies‚ 11‚ 95–111.
Schulenberg‚ Stefan.‚ Schnetzer‚ Lindsay.‚ Buchanan‚ Erin. (2011). The Purpose in Life Test-Short Form: Development and Psychometric Support. Journal of Happiness Studies‚ 12(5)‚ 861-876.