Tolerance-Intolerance of Ambiguity Scale (TIA)
Budner ‚1962
مقیاس بردباری – نابردباری ابهام
1. An expert who doesn't come up with a definite answer probably doesn’t know much.
2. There is really no such thing as a problem that can't be solved.
3. A good job is one where what is to be done and how it is to be done are always clear.
4. In the long run it is possible to get more done by tackling small‚ simple problems rather than larger and complicated ones.
5. What we are used to is always preferable to what is unfamiliar.
6. A person who leads an even‚ regular life‚ in which few surprises or unexpected happenings arise‚ really has a lot to be grateful for.
7. I like parties where I know most of the people more than ones where all or most of the people are mangers.
8. The sooner we all acquire similar values and ideas the better.
9. I would like to live in a foreign country for a while.
10.People who fit their lives to schedules probably miss most of the joy of living.
11.It is more fun to tackle a difficult problem than solve a simple one.
12.Often the most interesting and stimulating people are those who don’t mind being different and original.
13.People who insist on a yes or no answer just don't know how complicated things really are.
14.Many of our most important decisions are based upon insufficient information.
15.Teachers or supervisors who hand out vague assignments give a chance for one to show initiative and originality.
16.A good teacher is one who makes you wonder about your way of looking at things.
شرح سایت روان سنجی: این ابزار سه شرایط مبهم "تازگی"، " پیچیدگی" و " پایداری" را اندازه گیری می کند.
اعتبار: هماهنگی درونی ، میانگین آلفا کرونباخ 0.49 و باز آزمایی 0.85 پس از دو هفته (بادنر، 1960 و 1962). "سوبل و درفورژ ، 1992" آلفا را 0.64 گزارش می کنند.
مطالعات دیگر نیز اعتبار ضعیف این ابزار را گزارش می کنند.
نمره گذاری
0- Strongly Disagree‚ 1-Moderately Disagree‚ 2- Slightly Disagree‚ 3-Slightly Agree‚ 4-Moderately Agree‚ and 5-Strongly Agree
(N) Novelty score (2‚ 9‚ 11‚ 13); (C) Complexity score (4‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7‚ 8‚ 10‚ 14‚ 15‚ 16); (I) Insolubility score (1‚ 3‚ 12)
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Budner‚ S. (1960). A n investigation of intolerance of ambiguity . Unpublished doctoral dissertation . Columbia University‚ New York.
Budner‚ S. (1962). Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable . Journal of Personality‚ 30‚ 29- 50
Sallot‚ Lynne M. (1992). Tolerance-Intolerance of Ambiguity and the Teaching of Public Relations: Investigating Effects of Individual Differences in the Classroom. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (75th‚ Montreal ‚ Quebec‚ Canada‚ August 5-8‚ 1992).
Sobal‚ J.‚ DeForge‚ B.R. (1992). Reliability of Budner's intolerance of ambiguity scale in medical students‚ 71(1):15-8.