Humor Styles Questionnaire
Martin et. al. (2003).
پرسشنامه سبک شوخ طبعی
1. I usually don’t laugh or joke around much with other people.
2. If I am feeling depressed‚ I can usually cheer myself up with humor.
3. If someone makes a mistake‚ I will often tease them about it.
4. I let people laugh at me or make fun at my expense more than I should.
5. I don’t have to work very hard at making other people laugh – I seem to be a naturally humorous person.
6. Even when I’m by myself‚ I’m often amused by the absurdities of life.
7. People are never offended or hurt by my sense of humor.
8. I will often get carried away in putting myself down if it makes my family or friends laugh.
9. I rarely make other people laugh by telling funny stories about myself.
10.If I am feeling upset or unhappy I usually try to think of something funny about the situation to make myself feel better.
11.When telling jokes or saying funny things‚ I am usually not very concerned about how other people are taking it.
12.I often try to make people like or accept me more by saying something funny about my own weaknesses‚ blunders‚ or faults.
13.I laugh and joke a lot with my closest friends.
14.My humorous outlook on life keeps me from getting overly upset or depressed about things.
15.I do not like it when people use humor as a way of criticizing or putting someone down.
16.I don’t often say funny things to put myself down.
17.I usually don’t like to tell jokes or amuse people.
18.If I’m by myself and I’m feeling unhappy‚ I make an effort to think of something funny to cheer myself up.
19.Sometimes I think of something that is so funny that I can’t stop myself from saying it‚ even if it is not appropriate for the situation.
20.I often go overboard in putting myself down when I am making jokes or trying to be funny.
21.I enjoy making people laugh.
22.If I am feeling sad or upset‚ I usually lose my sense of humor.
23.I never participate in laughing at others even if all my friends are doing it.
24.When I am with friends or family‚ I often seem to be the one that other people make fun of or joke about.
25.I don’t often joke around with my friends.
26.It is my experience that thinking about some amusing aspect of a situation is often a very effective way of coping with problems.
27.If I don’t like someone‚ I often use humor or teasing to put them down.
28.If I am having problems or feeling unhappy‚ I often cover it up by joking around‚ so that even my closest friends don’t know how I really feel.
29.I usually can’t think of witty things to say when I’m with other people.
30.I don’t need to be around other people to feel amused – I can usually find things to laugh about even when I’m by myself.
31.Even if something is really funny to me‚ I will not laugh or joke about it if someone will be offended.
32.Letting others laugh at me is my way of keeping my friends and family in good spirits.
نسخه 16 گویه ای از مجله سایکولوژی تودی
From: Psychology Today Magazine. July/August 2006. p 77
1. If someone makes a mistake‚ I will often tease them about it.
2. I let people laugh at me or make fun at my expense more than I should.
3. I don't have to work very hard at making other people laugh-I seem to be a naturally humorous person.
4. Even when I'm by myself‚ I'm amused by the absurdities of life.
5. People are never offended or hurt by my sense of humor.
6. I rarely make other people laugh by telling funny stories about myself.
7. My humorous outlook keeps me from getting overly upset or depressed about things.
8. If I'm by myself and I'm feeling unhappy‚ I think of something funny to cheer myself up.
9. Sometimes I can't stop myself from saying something funny‚ even if it isn't appropriate.
10.I enjoy making people laugh.
11.If I am feeling upset‚ I usually lose my sense of humor.
12.When I am with friends or family‚ I am often the one whom other people joke about.
13.If I am having problems or feeling unhappy‚ I often cover it up by joking around so that even my closest friends don't know how I really feel.
14.I usually can't think of witty things to say when I'm with other people.
15.Even if something is really funny‚ I won't joke about it if someone will be offended.
16.Letting others laugh at me is my way of keeping them in good spirits.
نسخه ای که "هینتز و راک" در برابر گویه های "مارتین" برای مطالعه به کار گرفتند.
Heintz‚ S.‚ & Ruch‚ W. 2013
1. I usually don’t laugh or joke around much. [inverse]
2. I can usually cheer myself up with humor.
3. I often tease others.
4. I let people laugh at me or make fun at my expense.
5. I make others laugh easily – I am a humorous person.
6. I’m often amused by the absurdities of life.
7. My sense of humor is never offending or hurting. [inverse]
8. I often put myself down and thus make others laugh.
9. I rarely tell funny stories about myself‚ which make others laugh. [inverse]
10.I usually try to think of something funny about a situation.
11.I usually tell jokes or say funny things.
12.I often say something funny about my own weaknesses‚ blunders‚ or faults.
13.I laugh and joke a lot.
14.I have a humorous outlook on life.
15.I do not like criticizing or putting-down humor. [inverse]
16.I rarely say funny things about myself. [inverse]
17.I usually don’t tell jokes or amuse people. [inverse]
18.I always think of something funny to cheer myself up.
19.Sometimes I think of extremely funny things.
20.I often make jokes about myself or make fun of myself.
21.I make people laugh.
22.I never lose my sense of humor.
23.I never laugh at others. [inverse]
24.I let others often make fun of me or joke about me.
25.I don’t often joke around. [inverse]
26.I often think about some amusing aspect of a situation.
27.I often use humor about others or tease them.
28.I often joke around.
29.I usually can’t think of witty things. [inverse]
30.I am usually amused and I can find things to laugh about.
31.I always laugh or joke about something that is really funny to me.
32.I let others laugh at me‚ which keeps them in in good spirits
شرح سایت روان سنجی: "مارتین و دوریس، 2003" این پرسشنامه را برای اندازه گیری تفاوت های فردی در شوخ طبعی پدید آوردند. این فرض وجود دارد که این ویژگی شخصیتی در بازه زمانی ثابت باقی می ماند.
پرسشنامه دو عامل اصلی سبک "شوخی برای بالابردن خود یا بالابردن ارتباط با دیگران" و دیگر " خیرخواهانه بودن یا مخرب بودن" دارد. ترکیب این دو چهار سبک را روشن می کند. 1: پیوستن (به کار گیری شوخی برای جذب کردن دیگران و تسهیل روابط)، 2: خودافزایی ( برای مقابله با استرس و نگهداری شوخ طبعی در زمان دشوار)، 3: پرخاشگری ( بهره گیری از طعنه، دیگر کردن، فرو نهادن جستار یا کس، یا پست کردن با شوخی) و 4: علیه خود ( گونه ای مکانیسم دفاعی، فرونهادن خود، مخفی کردن احساس های منفی)
درباره این ابزار و ارتباطش با "داشتن زندگی و احساس خاطر خوب" میان "مارتین" و "هینتز و راک" اختلاف دیدگاه وجود دارد. مقاله های این دو پس از سال 2013 را ببینید.
اعتبار: هماهنگی درونی ، آلفا کرونباخ 0.77 تا 0.81 و بازآزمایی پس از یک هفته 0.80 تا 0.85
Affiliative (alpha 0.8)‚ Self-enhancing (alpha0.81)‚ Aggressive (alpha 0.77)‚ Self-defeating (alpha 0.8)
Affiliative (test-retest 0.85)‚ Self-enhancing (test-retest0.81)‚ Aggressive (test-retest 0.80)‚ Self-defeating (test-retest 0.82)
نمره گذاری
1-Totally Disagree‚ 2- Moderately Disagree‚ 3-Slightly Disagree‚ 4- Neither Agree nor Disagree‚ 5- Slightly Agree‚ 6-Moderately Agree‚ 7- Totally Agree
Affiliative (items 1‚ 5‚ 9‚ 13‚ 17‚ 21 and 29)‚ Self-enhancing (items 2‚ 6‚ 10‚ 14‚ 18‚ 22and 30)‚ Aggressive (items 3‚ 7‚ 11‚ 15‚ 19‚ 23‚ and 31 ‚ Self-defeating (items 4‚ 8‚ 12‚ 16‚ 20‚ 24 and 32)
For 16 items : Put-down humor: Start with the numeral 14 and add your answers for questions 1 and 9‚ then subtract your responses to questions 5 and 15.
Bonding humor: Start with the numeral 7 and add your answers for questions 3 and 10‚ then subtract your responses to questions 6 and 14.
Hate-me humor: Add your answers to questions 2‚ 12‚ 13 and 16.
Laughing at life: Start with the numeral 3. Add your answers for questions 4‚ 7 and 8. then subtract your response to question 11.
Consider yourself high in any category if your score is above 17‚ average if it is between 11 and 17 and low at 11 or under. Note your highest score-it will reveal how you habitually use humor.
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
By date
Lefcourt‚ H. M.‚ & Martin‚ R. A. (1986). Humor and Life Stress. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Kuiper‚ N. A.‚ Martin‚ R. A.‚ & Olinger‚ L. J. (1993). Coping humour‚ stress‚ and cognitive appraisals. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science‚ 25(1)‚ 81-96.
Martin‚ R. A.‚ Kuiper‚ N. A.‚ Olinger‚ L. J.‚ & Dance‚ K. A. (1993). Humor‚ coping with stress‚ self-concept‚ and psychological well-being. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research Current issues in psychological humor research‚ 6(1)‚ 89-104.
Martin‚ R. A. (1996). The Situational Humor Response Questionnaire (SHRQ) and Coping Humor Scale (CHS): A decade of research findings. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research‚ 9(3-4)‚ 251-272.
Martin‚ Rod (July 2001). "Humor‚ laughter‚ and physical health: Methodological issues and research findings". Psychological Bulletin. 127 (4): 504–519.
Martin‚ R. A.‚ Puhlik-Doris‚ P.‚ Larsen‚ G.‚ Gray‚ J.‚ & Weir‚ K. (2003). Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the Humor Styles Questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality‚ 37(1)‚ 48-75.
Martin‚ R.A‚ (2004). Sense of humor and physical health: Theoretical issues‚ recent findings‚ and future directions. Humor‚ 17‚ 1-19.
Yip‚ Jeremy; Rod Martin (December 2006). "Sense of humor‚ emotional intelligence‚ and social competence". Journal of Research in Personality. 40 (6): 1202–1208.
Martin‚ R. A. (2007). The psychology of humor: An integrative approach. New York: Academic Press.
Frewen‚ Paul; Jaylene Brinker; Rod Martin; David Dozois (2008). "Humor styles and personality-vulnerability to depression". Humor. 2. 21: 179–195.
Ruch‚ Willibald; Heintz‚ Sonja (2013). Humour styles‚ personality and psychological well-being: What’s humour got to do with it?. European Journal of Humour Research‚ 1(4):1-24.
Heintz‚ S.‚ & Ruch‚ W. (2015). An examination of the convergence between the conceptualization and the measurement of humor styles: A study of the construct validity of the Humor Styles Questionnaire. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research‚ 28(4)‚ 611-633.
Martin‚ R. A. (2015). On the challenges of measuring humor styles: Response to Heintz and Ruch. Humor: International Journal Of Humor Research‚ 28(4)‚ 635-639.
Heintz‚ S.‚ & Ruch‚ W. (2016). The German Version of the Humor Styles Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Overlap With Other Styles of Humor. European Journal of psychology‚ 12(3):434-55.