Utilitarian Individualism-Collectivism
Wagner‚ Meyer‚ Humphrey‚ & Hollenbeck‚ 2005
گرایش به سودمندی فردگرایی- جمع گرایی
Utilitarian Individualism-Collectivism
1. I prefer to work with others in a group‚ rather than working alone.
2. Given the choice‚ I would rather do a job where I can work alone‚ rather than doing a job where I have to work with others in a group
3. Working with a group is better than working alone
Ontological Individualism-Collectivism
1. One of my highest values is to be all I can be
2. It is important to me that I am unique
3. My personal identity‚ independent of others‚ is very important to me
شرح سایت روان سنجی: سه ماده آخرین، توسط همین پژوهشگران در مقیاسی ده ماده ای به کار گرفته شد که با نام Ontological Individualism-Collectivism در سایت روان سنجی هست. این ابزار برای میزان فردی بودن شخص در برابر همبسنگی جمعی را بررسی می کنند.
اعتبار: آلفا کرونباخ 0.7
نمره گذاری:
7-point agree–disagree Likert response scales
This instrument can be found at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6950123_Psychological_Collectivism_A_Measurement_Validation_and_Linkage_to_Group_Member_Performance
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Wagner‚ J. A. (1995). Studies of individualism-collectivism: Effects of cooperation in groups. Academy of Management Journal‚38‚ 152-172.
Wagner‚ J. A.‚ & Moch‚ M. K. (1986). Individualism-collectivism: Concept and measure. Group and Organization Studies‚ 11‚ 280–303.
Wagner‚ J. A.‚ III. (2002). Utilitarian and ontological variation in individualism-collectivism. In B. M. Staw‚ & R. M. Kramer (Eds.)‚ Research in organizational behavior. (Vol. 24‚ pp. 301–345). Amsterdam‚ the Netherlands: JAI-Elsevier.
Wagner‚ J. A.‚ Humphrey‚ S. E.‚ Meyer‚ C‚ J.‚& Hollenbeck‚ J. R. (2012). Individualism–collectivism and team member performance: Another look. Journal of Organizational Behavior‚ J. Organiz. Behav. 33‚ 946–963 (2012) Published online 19 September 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/job.783f