روانسنجی
اولین سایت تخصصی فارسی تست های روان سنجی ، روان شناسی

LAM scales
Hunt‚ 1972

literal (L)‚ Antiliteral (A) and Mythological (M)
1. I believe in God the Father Almighty‚ maker of heaven and earth.

L1. Agree‚ since available evidence proves God made everything.
A2. Disagree‚ since available evidence suggests some type of spontaneous creation for which it is unnecessary to assume a God to cr‎eate.
M3. Agree‚ but only in the sense that this is an anthropomorphic way of talking about whatever Process‚ Being‚ or Ultimate Concern stands behind the creative process.

2. I believe that men working and thinking together can build a just society without supernatural help.

L1. Disagree‚ since man without God's help can do very little that is good.
A2. Agree‚ since men have and are increasing the ability and technical knowledge to improve society if they will apply this knowledge to the problems of society.
M3. Disagree‚ although men's ability and technical knowledge is increasing‚ they must build on the ultimate power within oneself [sic] to understand and accomplish the full implications of justice and a good society.

3. The writings of such commentators on human life as Plato‚ Aristotle‚ Dante‚ and Shakespeare are as much inspired as are the writings of Moses and Paul.

L1 . Disagree‚ because the writings of Moses and Paul contain a special inspiration from God which other human writings do not have.
A2. Agree‚ since there is really little difference in these writings. In fact‚ Plato and Aristotle may be even more important for us than Moses or Paul.
M3. Disagree‚ although any writing may be inspired‚ the writings of Moses and Paul are especially significant because they form part of the revelation of God in history.

4. All miracles in the Bible are true.

L1. Agree‚ because the Bible cannot contain any false report of God's work.
A2. Disagree‚ since "miracles" can be explained by our modern understanding of the principles by which nature and human society operate.
M3. Agree‚ but only in the sense that "miracles" are a dramatic report and interpretation of a natural process‚ with the literary purpose of pointing to the sovereignty of God. They are probably not factually accurate.
M4. Perhaps‚ since there is considerable evidence for extra-physical power used by a few persons in every major cultural tradition‚ though there is no clear scientific proof.

5. Jesus was born of a virgin in a manner different from human beings.

A1. Disagree‚ although most religions claim a virgin birth for their founder‚ we know that such an event is physically impossible.
M2. Agree‚ but only in the sense that this is an ancient mythological way of talking about the Ultimate Reality as manifested in Jesus.
L3. Agree‚ since God conceived Jesus in Mary's womb before she had sexual relationship with her Joseph‚ her husband.

6. The attempt to believe in a supernatural being is a sign of a person's failure to accept responsibility for his own life.

A1. Agree‚ since belief in God is usually an escape from the problems of everyday life. Such belief does nothing to help solve one's problem.
L2. Disagree‚ because belief in God is really the only way in which man can be saved and make his life worthwhile.
M3. Disagree‚ since belief in God is basically man's way of talking about his full acceptance of personal responsibility in the face of ultimate and sometimes uncertain reality.

7. I believe in the guidance of the Holy Spirit.

L1. Agree‚ since God has said that he will be with us always. Prayer thus is an effective way of listening to God's guidance.
A2. Disagree‚ since the supernatural‚ if it exists at all‚ is in no way directly involved in telling man what to do.
M3. Agree‚ because this is one way of describing the involvement of God with his creation and man.

8. The chief end of man is to glorify God and enjoy him forever.

L1. Agree‚ since God cr‎eated man and expects man to do God's will at all times.
A2. Disagree‚ since man must find his own purposes in life. There are probably no purposes for man which are apparent in nature.
M3. Agree‚ because the essential purpose of God is that man achieve his own maximum fulfillment through personal development and service to others.
M4. Agree‚ since the individual who enjoys God's creation and serves his fellow man is at the same time glorifying God.

9. I believe Hell is a form of existence in a future life.

M1. Disagree‚ since Hell is not a future life existence‚ but rather a present state in this life which occurs when man disregards his own code of ethics and/or rights of other individuals.
A2. Disagree‚ since there is little‚ if any‚ evidence for any type of existence after this life.
L3. Agree‚ since there is ample evidence in the Bible and other authoritative sources for Hell as a form of future existence.

10. The four gospels‚ Matthew‚ Mark‚ Luke‚ and John‚ contain some legendary materials.

A1. Agree‚ since most of the material in the gospels cannot be supported by other historical sources or is not relevant to life in today's world.
L2. Disagree‚ since nothing in the four gospels could be legendary or in error‚ because these are part of the Bible and therefore infallible.
M3. Agree‚ but this does not deny the basic purpose of the gospels‚ which is to use written language (however inadequate) to announce God's revelation of himself to man.

11. We are made for fellowship with God and our hearts are restless until they rest in him.

M1. Agree‚ although this is merely a way of talking about the ultimate nature of man's activities as being in some way related to God's purposes.
A2. Disagree‚ since man's restlessness results from his inability to identify with a group of persons and enjoy people about him‚ not in a supposed relation to some God.
L3. Agree‚ since God's basic purpose in creating man is so that man can be a companion to God.

12. Man is saved by the free gift of God's grace.

L1. Agree‚ since the Bible clearly states that salvation is by man' s faith in God and his grace.
A2. Disagree‚ since whatever salvation there is must come through man's work in the world about him.
M3. Agree‚ since this is a traditional expression which really refers to the unconditional nature of God's grace toward man.

13. The biblical writers were endowed with a divine wisdom which enabled them to foretell specific events in the distant future.

M1. Disagree‚ since the basic purpose of prophecy in the Bible was to announce God's judgment of the ways in which that present generation failed to act in harmony with God's purposes for man.
L2. Agree‚ since many of these prophecies either came true in earlier hi story‚ in the Bible‚ or are coming true in the world today.
A3. Disagree‚ since biblical writers had no greater wisdom than other men of their day. Any prophecies which may have come true were the result of a knowledge of cause and effect which any man could achieve.

14. Man is ultimately responsible to God.

A1. Disagree‚ because man is finally responsible only to himself and his society.
M2. Agree‚ because this is a way of describing the basic assumption upon which all other concepts of responsibility depend.
L3. Agree‚ because God has cr‎eated man in his image and expects man to do God's will.

15. God is only a symbol of man's ideals.

M1. Disagree‚ although man's experiences may be symbolized in the image of God‚ the reality of God always transcends man's symbols for that reality.
A2. Agree‚ since religious men tend to ascribe to God their own highest ideals.
 3. Disagree‚ since there is clear evidence for a real God who is much more than just the result of man's rational powers.

16. Jesus walked on water and raised the dead.

A1. Disagree‚ since these are probably exaggerated reports of events which could be explained through our knowledge of nature.
L2. Agree‚ since there are several accounts in which Jesus actually brought a physically dead person back to life. These accounts provide evidence for God's power over nature.
M3. Agree‚ but only in the sense that these are figurative ways of describing man's awareness of the meaning of life in relation to the revelation of God.

17. The biblical story of creation is probably based on one of the early Babylonian myths.

M1. Agree‚ but the basic purpose of the creation story is to symbolize God's creative and redemptive relation to the universe and to man.
L2. Disagree‚ since the biblical story of creation has not been duplicated in any way at any time. It refers to God's creation of the world and man.
A3. Agree‚ since most religions provide such a creation story. Modern scientific theories of the origin of the universe have replaced these ancient accounts.

This instrument can be found at: https://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id=57e9b62dcbd5c2026d16af93&assetKey=AS%3A410718450012160%401474934317876 & https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bob-Lew/post/Does-anyone-have-good-indicators-for-spirituality/attachment/59d63b9879197b8077998a18/AS%3A411545008918529%401475131384835/download/Measures+of+Religiosity%2C+Hill+%26+Hood+%281999%29%2C+pp+01-50.pdf

Hunt‚ R. A. (1972). Mythological-symbolic religious commitment: The LAM scales. journal for the Scientific Study of Religion‚ 11‚ 42-52.
Hunt‚ R. A. (l972). Reply to Greely. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion‚ 11‚ 290-292.
Hunt‚ R. A. (1993). Response to Northover and Gonzalez. international journal for the Psychology of Religion ‚ 3‚ 201-204.
Poythress‚ N. G. (1975). Literal‚ antiliteral‚ and mythological religious orientations. journal for the Scientific Study of Religion‚ 14‚ 271-284.
Hill‚ Peter C. and Hood Jr‚ Ralph W. (1999). Measures of religiosity. Religiou Education Press.