Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
Radlof‚ 1977
مقیاس مرکز بررسی همه گیری افسردگی
Below is a list of the ways you might have felt or behaved. Please tell me how often you have felt this way during the past week.
1. I was bothered by things that usually don’t bother me.
2. I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor.
3. I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family or friends.
4. I felt I was just as good as other people.
5. I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing.
6. I felt depressed.
7. I felt that everything I did was an effort.
8. I felt hopeful about the future.
9. I thought my life had been a failure.
10. I felt fearful.
11. My sleep was restless.
12. I was happy.
13. I talked less than usual.
14. I felt lonely.
15. People were unfriendly.
16. I enjoyed life.
17. I had crying spells.
18. I felt sad.
19. I felt that people dislike me.
20. I could not get “going.”
اعتبار: آلفا 0.85
شرح : این مقیاس برای غربالگری افسردگی و اختلال افسردگی بر پایه راهنمای آماری و تشخیصی انجمن روان پزشکی آمریکا (DSM-IV) است.
چگونگی دستیابی
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نمره گذاری
0= Rarely or none of the time (less than 1 day )
1= Some or a little of the time (1-2 days)
3= Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days)
4= Most or all of the time (5-7 days)
The scoring of positive items is reversed. Possible range of scores is zero to 60‚ with the higher scores indicating the presence of more symptomatology.
Sadness (Dysphoria): Question numbers 2‚4‚ 6
Loss of Interest (Anhedonia): Question numbers 8‚ 10
Appetite: Question numbers 1‚ 18
Sleep: Question numbers 5‚ 11‚ 19
Thinking / concentration: Question numbers 3‚ 20
Guilt(Worthlessness): Question numbers 9‚ 17
Tired(fatigue): Question numbers 7‚ 16
Movement(Agitation): Question numbers 12‚ 13
Suicidal ideation: Question numbers 14‚ 15
منبع
Hann‚ D.‚ Winter‚ K.‚ & Jacobsen‚ P. (1999) Measurement of depressive symptoms in cancer patients. Evaluation of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Journal of Psychosomatic Research‚ 46‚ 437-443.
Radloff‚ L.S. (1977). The CED-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement‚ 1‚ 385-401.