Toronto Alexithymia Scales (TAS-26; TAS 20)
Taylor‚ Ryan‚ & Bagby.‚ 1985.‚ Bagby et al.‚ 1994
مقیاس های آلکسیتیمیا تورنتو
شرح سایت روان سنجی: "تیلور، باگبی 1985" این ابزار را با چهار عامل پدید آوردند. بررسی های پس از آن نشان داد که ابزار– به ویژه در عامل رویا پردازی- نیازمند بازنگری است. آنان نسخه 26 گویه ای را ساختند. نسخه ای بازنگری شده آنان دارای 23 گویه شد. که آنهم برایشان خرسند کننده نبود تا در سال 1993 و 1994 باردیگر به بازنگری آن پرداختند و نسخه ای 20 گویه ای با سه عامل ارائه کردند.
نسخه 26 گویه ای در مقاله "زیمرمن و همکاران، 2005" یافت شد.
ریف و همکاران 2006 نسخه کودکان این ابزار را ارائه کرده اند.
مقیاس 20 گویه ای توسط "بشارت، رستمی، پور حسین و میرزمانی، 2006" برگردان و اعتباریابی شده است. و آلفا کرونباخ را برای کل مقیاس و عامل های آن بین 071 تا 0.83 گزارش کرده اند.
در ایران، این ابزار در پژوهش های زیادی به کار گرفته شده است.
مقیاسآلکسیتیمیا تورنتو – 20 گویه ای
Toronto Alexithymia Scales (TAS 20)
R. Michael Bagby‚ James D. A. Parker and Graeme J. Taylor‚. 1994
1. I am often confused about what emotion I am feeling
2. It is difficult for me to find the right words for my feelings
3. I have physical sensations that even doctors don’t understand
4. I am able to describe my feelings easily(R)
5. I prefer to analyze problems rather than just describe them (R)
6. When I am upset‚ I don’t know if I am sad‚ frightened‚ or angry
7. I am often puzzled by sensations in my body
8. I prefer to just let things happen rather than to understand why they turned out that way
9. I have feelings that I can’t quite identify
10. Being in touch with emotions is essential (R)
11. I find it hard to describe how I feel about people
12. People tell me to describe my feelings more
13. I don’t know what’s going on inside me
14. I often don’t know why I am angry
15. I prefer talking to people about their daily activities rather than their feelings
16. I prefer to watch “light” entertainment shows rather than psychological dramas
17. It’s difficult for me to reveal my innermost feelings‚ even to close friends
18. I can feel close to someone‚ even in moments of silence (R)
19. I find examination of my feelings useful in solving personal problems (R)
20. Looking for hidden meanings in movies or plays distracts from their enjoyment
اعتبار: بین 0.64 تا 0.83 برای سه عامل و نزد سه گروه
عامل ها
Difficulty Describing Feelings
Difficulty Identifying Feelings
Externally Oriented Thinking
نمره گذاری
1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree
مقیاسآلکسیتیمیا تورنتو – 26 گویه ای
Toronto Alexithymia Scales (TAS-26)
Taylor‚ Ryan‚ and Bagby (1985(
1. When I cry I always know why.
2. Day dreaming is a waste of time.
3. I wish I were not as shy.
4. I am often confused about what emotion I am feeling.
5. I often daydream about the future.
6. I seem to make friends as easily as others do.
7. Knowing the answers to problems is more important than knowing the reasons for theanswers.
8. It is difficult for me to find the right words for my feelings.
9. I let people know where I stand on things. [I like to let people know where I stand on things].
10. I have physical sensations that even Doctors don’t understand.
11. It’s not enough for me that something gets the job done; I need to know why and how it works.
12. I am able to describe my feelings easily.
13. I prefer to analyze problems rather than just describe them.
14. When I am upset‚ I don’t know if I am sad‚ frightened or angry.
15. I use my imagination a great deal.
16. I spend much time daydreaming whenever I have nothing else to do.
17. I am often puzzled by sensations in my body.
18. I daydream rarely.
19. I prefer to just let things happen rather than to understand why they turned out that way.
20. I have feelings I can’t quite identify.
21. Being in touch with emotions is essential.
22. I find it hard to describe how I feel about people.
23. People tell me to describe my feelings more.
24. One should look for deeper explanations.
25. I don’t know what’s going on inside me.
26. I often don’t know why I am angry.
"زیمرمن و همکاران 2005" اعتیار این ابزار 26 گویه ای را 0.72 گزارش می کنند.
عامل های نسخه 26 گویه ای
Difficulty to Identify and to Distinguish between Feelings and Bodily Sensations
Reduced Daydreaming
Externally Oriented Thinking
Difficulty Describing Feelings
چگونگی دستیابی
نمره گذاری
(1) Strongly Disagree‚ (2) Moderately Disagree‚ (3) Neither Disagree or Agree‚ (4) Moderately Agree‚ (5) Strongly Agree.
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Bagby‚ R. M.‚ Parker‚ J. D. A. & Taylor‚ G. J. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale-I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research‚ 38‚ 23-32."
Bagby‚ R.M.‚ Taylor‚ G.J.‚ & Parker‚ J.D.A. (1994). The Twenty- Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale II. Convergent discriminant‚and concurrent validity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research‚
38‚ 33–40.
Taylor‚ G.J.‚ Ryan‚ D.‚ & Bagby‚ R.M. (1985). Toward the development of a new self-report alexithymia scale. Psychotherapy& Psychosomatics‚ 44‚ 191–199.
Zimmermann‚ Grégoire; Rossier‚ Jérôme; Meyer de Stadelhofen‚ Franz; Gaillard‚ François. (2005). Alexithymia Assessment and Relations with Dimensions of Personality. European Journal of Psychological Assessment‚ Vol 21(1)‚ 2005‚ 23-33.
Rieffe‚ C.‚ Oosterveld‚ P.‚ Meerum Terwogt‚ M.‚ Novin‚ S.‚ Nasiri‚ H.‚ & Latifian‚ M. (2010). Relationship between alexithymia‚ mood and internalizing symptoms in children and young adolescents: Evidence from an Iranian sample. Personality and Individual Differences‚ 48‚ 425-430.
Besharat‚ M. A.‚ Rostami‚ R.‚ Pourhosein‚ R.‚ & Mirzamani‚ M. (2006). Assessing reliability and validity of Farsi Version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 in asample of opioid substance use disordered patients. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry‚1‚ 133- 139.