Global Measure of Equity/Inequity
Hatfield‚ Utne‚ Peresen & Traupmann‚ 1978 ‚ 1981‚ 1990
اندازه گیری برابری/ نا برابری عمومی
Considering what you put into your dating relationship or marriage‚ compared to what you get out of it . . . and what your partner puts in‚ compared to what (s)he gets out of it . . . how does your dating relationship or marriage ‘stack up’?”
+3. I am getting a much better deal than my partner.
+2. I am getting a somewhat better deal.
+1. I am getting a slightly better deal.
0. We are both getting an equally good or bad deal.
-1. My partner is getting a slightly better deal.
-2. My partner is getting a somewhat better deal.
-3. My partner is getting a much better deal than I.
Areas Involved in the Dating/Marital Give and Take
Personal Concerns
Social Grace
1. Social Grace: Some people are sociable‚ friendly‚ relaxed in social settings. Others are not.
Intellect
2. Intelligence: Some people are intelligent and informed.
Appearance
3. Physical Attractiveness: Some people are physically attractive.
4. Concern for Physical Appearance and Health: Some people take care of their physical appearance and conditioning‚ through attention to such things as their clothing‚ cleanliness‚ exercise‚ and good eating habits.
Emotional Concerns
Liking and Loving
5. Liking: Some people like their partners and show it. Others do not express their feelings.
6. Love: Some people feel and express love for their partners.
Understanding and Concern
7. Understanding and Concern: Some people know their partner’s personal concerns and emotional needs and respond to them.
Acceptance
8. Accepting and Encouraging Role Flexibility: Some people let their partners try out different roles occasionally‚ for example‚ letting their partner be a “baby” sometimes‚ a “mother‚” a colleague or a friend‚ an aggressive as well as a passive lover‚ and so on.
Appreciation
9. Expressions of Appreciation: Some people openly show appreciation for their partner’s contributions to the relationship—they don’t take their partner for granted.
Physical Affection:
10. Showing Affection: Some people are openly affectionate—touching‚ hugging‚ kissing.
Sex
11. Sexual Pleasure: Some people participate in the sexual aspect of a relationship‚ working to make it mutually satisfying and fulfilling.
12. Sexual Fidelity: Some people live up to (are “faithful” to) their agreements about extra-marital relations.
Security/Freedom
13. Commitment: Some people commit themselves to their partners and to the future of their relationship together.
14. Respecting Partner’s Need to be a Free and Independent Person: Some people allow their partners to develop as an individual in the way that they choose: for example‚ they allow their partners freedom to go to school or not; to work at the kind of job or career they like; to pursue outside interests; to do things by themselves or with friends; to simply be alone sometimes.
Plans and Goals for the Future
15. Plans and Goals for the Future: Some people plan for and dream about their future together.
Day-to-Day Concerns
Day-to-Day Maintenance
16. Day-to-Day Maintenance: Some people contribute time and effort to household responsibilities such as grocery shopping‚ making dinner‚ cleaning‚ and car maintenance. Others do not.
Finances:
17. Finances: Some people contribute income to the couple’s “joint account.”
Sociability
18. Easy-to-Live-With: Some people are easy to live with on a day-to-day basis; that is‚ they have a sense of humor‚ aren’t too moody‚ don’t get drunk too often‚ and so on.
19. Companionship: Some people are good companions‚ who suggest interesting activities for both of them to do together‚ as well as going along with their partner’s ideas about what they might do for fun.
20. Conversation: Some people tell partners about their day’s events and what’s on their mind and are also interested in hearing about their partners’ concerns and daily activities.
21. Fitting in: Some people are compatible with their partner’s friends and relatives; they like the friends and relatives‚ and the friends and relatives like them.
Decision Making:
22. Decision-Making: Some people take their fair share of the responsibility for making and carrying out of decisions that affect both partners.
Remembering Special Occasions
23. Remembering Special Occasions: Some people are thoughtful about sentimental things‚ such as remembering birthdays‚ your anniversary‚ and other special occasions.
Opportunities Gained and Lost
Opportunities Gained
24. Chance to be Dating or Married: Dating and marriage give many people the opportunity to partake of the many life experiences that depend upon dating or being married; for example‚ the chance to become a parent and even a grandparent‚ the chance to be included in “married couple” social events‚ and finally‚ having someone to count on in old age.
Opportunities Foregone
25. Opportunities Foregone: Dating and marriage necessarily requires people to give up certain opportunities . . . in order to be in this relationship. The opportunities could have been other possible mates‚ a career‚ travel‚ etc.
شرح سایت روان سنجی: مفهوم برابری ، ادارک پاسخ دهندگان از میزان برابری در رابطه آنان و برپایه فرمولی ترکیبی از" ترامپمن و همکاران، 1981، والستر، 1975" است. این ابزار مصاحبه است و هر دو زوج به آن پاسخ می گویند. در پی هفت گویه نخست، 25 مورد درباره : نگرانی ها فردی، نکرانی های هیجانی ( عاطفی)، نگرانی های روزمره و فرصت های به دست آمده و از دست رفته مورد پرسش قرار می گیرد.
اعتبار: هماهنگی درونی ، آلفا کرونباخ 0.71 و بازآزمایی 0.73
Chronbach’s α for total inputs = .87; for total outputs scales = .90(Traupmann‚ et al. 1981)
نمره گذاری: برای هر پاسخ دهنده شاخص درون داد و برون داد مشخص می شود و سپس با فرمولی نمره محاسبه می شود.
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Hatfield‚ E.‚ Walster‚ G. W.‚ & Berscheid‚ E. (1978). Equity: Theory and research. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Hatfield‚ E.‚ Rapson‚ R. L.‚ & Aumer-Ryan‚ K. (2007). Equity Theory: Social justice in love relationships. Recent developments. Social Justice Research. New York: Springer.
Traupmann‚ J.‚ Peterson‚ R.‚ Utne‚ M.‚ & Hatfield‚ E. (1981). Measuring equity in intimate relations. Applied Psychological Measurement‚ 5‚ 467-480.
Tzeng‚ Oliver C. S . (1993). Measurement of love and intimate relations: Theories‚ scales‚ and applications for love development‚ maintenance‚ and dissolution. Westport‚ CT: Praeger.
Walster‚ G. W. (1975). The Walster‚ et al. (1973) Equity formula: a correction. Representative Research in Social Psychology‚ 6‚ 65-67.
Young‚ D. & Hatfield‚ E. (2011). Measuring Equity in close relationships. In Fisher‚ T. D.‚ C. M. Davis‚ W. L. Yaber‚ & S. L. Davis (Eds.) Handbook of sexualityrelatedmeasures: A compendium (3rd Ed.). (pp. 216-219). Thousand Oaks‚ CA: Taylor& Francis.