Social Provisions Scale (SPS)
Russell and Cutrona‚1984
مقیاس بایسته های پشتیبانی اجتماعی
1. There are people I know will help me if I really need it.
2. I do not have close relationships with other people.
3. There is no one I can turn to in times of stress.
4. There are people who call on me to help them.
5. There are people who like the same social activities I do.
6. Other people do not think I am good at what I do.
7. I feel responsible for taking care of someone else.
8. I am with a group of people who think the same way I do about things.
9. I do not think that other people respect what I do.
10.If something went wrong‚ no one would help me.
11.I have close relationships that make me feel good.
12.I have someone to talk to about decisions in my life.
13.There are people who value my skills and abilities.
14.There is no one who has the same interests and concerns as me.
15.There is no one who needs me to take care of them.
16.I have a trustworthy person to turn to if I have problems.
17.I feel a strong emotional tie with at least one other person.
18.There is no one I can count on for help if I really need it.
19.There is no one I feel comfortable talking about problems with.
20.There are people who admire my talents and abilities.
21.I do not have a feeling of closeness with anyone.
22.There is no one who likes to do the things I do.
23.There are people I can count on in an emergency.
24.No one needs me to take care of them There are people I can depend on to help me if I really need it.
نسخه ای دیگر
1. I feel that I do not have close personal relationships with other people.
2. There is no one I can turn to for guidance with other people.
3. There are people who depend on me for help.
4. There are people who enjoy the same social activities I do.
5. Other people do not view me as competent.
6. I feel personally responsible for the well-being of another person.
7. I feel part of a group of people who share my attitudes and beliefs.
8. I do not think other people respect my skills and abilities.
9. If something went wrong‚ no one would come to my assistance.
10.I have close relationships that provide me with a sense of emotional security and well-being.
11.There is someone I could talk to about important decisions in my life.
12.I have relationships where my competence and skill are recognized.
13.There is no one who shares my interests and concerns.
14.There’s no one who really relies on me for their well-being.
15.There is a trust-worthy person I could turn to for advice if I were having problems.
16.I feel a strong emotional bond with at least one other person.
17.There is no one I can depend on for aid if I need it.
18.There is no one I feel comfortable talking about my problems with.
19.There are people who admire my talents and abilities.
20.I lack a feeling of intimacy with another person.
21.There is no one who likes to do the things I do.
22.There are people who I can count on in an emergency.
23.No one needs me to care for them.
Cutrona & Russell‚ 1987
مقیاس پشتیبانی اجتماعی
این مقیاس برای سنجش میزان حمایت اجتماعی همسران پدید آمده است. دارای شش خرده مقیاس" است.
اعتبار برای نسخه زیر: آلفا بین 0.67 تا 0.76 و بازآزمایی 0.37 تا 0.66
Reliable Alliance‚ Attachment‚ Guidance‚ Nurturance‚ Social Integration and Reassurance of Worth
1. I can depend on my husband/wife to help me if I really need it
2. I feel that I do not have a close relationship with my husband/wife.
3. I cannot turn to my husband/wife for guidance in times of stress.
4. My husband/wife depends on me for help.
5. My husband/wife enjoys the same social activities 1 do.
6. My husband/wife does not view me as competent.
7. I feel personally responsible for the well-being of my husband/wife.
8. I feel that my husband/wife shares my attitudes and beliefs.
9. I do not think my husband/wife respects my skills and abilities.
10. If something went wrong‚ my husband/wife would not come to my assistance.
11. I have a close relationship with my husband /wife that provides me with a sense of emotional security and well-being.
12. I can talk to my husband/wife about important decisions in my life.
13. My husband/wife recognizes my competence and skill.
14. My husband/wife does not share my interests and concerns.
15. My husband/wife does not really rely on me for his/her well-being.
16. My husband/wife is a trustworthy person I could turn to for advice if I were having problems.
17. I feel a strong emotional bond with my husband/wife.
18. I cannot depend on my husband/wife for aid when I really need it.
19. I feel comfortable talking about problems with my husband/wife.
20. My husband/wife admires my talents and abilities.
21. I lack a feeling of intimacy with my husband/wife.
22. My husband/wife does not like to do the things I do.
23. I can count on my husband/wife in an emergency.
24. My husband/wife does not need me to care for him/her.
نسخه "چیو و همکاران، 2016"
Factor 1—Reliable alliance (Cronbach’s alpha = .77)
6. If I needed financial assistance‚ there are people who would help me out.
12. There is at least one other person I would feel comfortable calling of I had a financial emergency
18. If I get in trouble‚ there is no one to help me.
24. I need assistance‚ there is no one I can count on.
Factor 2—Attachment (Cronbach’s alpha = .81)
2. I lack a feeling of intimacy with another person.
10. I do not feel emotional closeness with even one other person
16. I have a special relationship with at least one other person.
22. There is someone to whom I feel very close.
Factor 3—Nurturance (Cronbach’s alpha = .69)
5. Other people frequently turn to me for help.
11. I often provide assistance to others.
17. I rarely have the opportunity to help family members in need.
23. Family and friends never turn to me for help.
Factor 4—Social integration (Cronbach’s alpha = .66)
4. I feel uncomfortable in group situations.
9. I usually disagree with the group consensus.
15. I participate in at least one group on a regular basis.
21. I feel part of at least one group.
Factor 5—Reassurance worth (Cronbach’s alpha = .67)
1. I do not think other people respect my skills and abilities.
8. There are people who believe in my ability.
14. Other people know there are some jobs that are best handled by me.
20. No one values my skills and abilities.
Factor 6—Guidance (Cronbach’s alpha = .69)
3. There are people who really know what I should do when I'm confused.
7. There is someone I can talk to who will provide solutions to my problems
13. I lack authoritative individuals who can provide me with advice
19. I do not know anyone who gives really good advice when I have problems.
شرح سایت روان سنجی: این ابزار میزان ارتباط های اجتماعی پاسخ دهنده را در ابعاد گوناگون حمایت اجتماعی: پیوستگی، تعامل اجتماعی، اتکا به ارزش ها، اتحاد معتبر، راهنمایی و فرصت برای بالیدن اندازه گیری می کند. نیمی از پرسشها حمایت های موجود و نیم دیگر حمایت هایی که در دسترس نیستند، تشریح می کنند.
محمد علی زکی پایایی و روایی این ابزار را نزد دانشجویان دانشگاه های اصفهان مورد بررسی قرار داده است.
Attachment‚ Social Integration‚ Reassurance of Worth‚ Reliable Alliance‚ Guidance‚ and Opportunity for Nurturance
اعتبار: هماهنگی درونی بیش از 0.70 و باز آزمایی بین 0.37 تا 0.66 (راسل . همکاران، 1984)، "کاترونا و راسل، 1987" مقادیر آلفا هر خرده مقیاس، به تفکیک نژاد و سطح تحصیلان ارائه شده است.
نمره گذاری برای نخستین مورد
1=Strongly Disagree‚ 2= Disagree‚ 3= Agree‚ 4=Strongly Agree
· Attachment: Items 2R‚ 11‚ 17‚ and 21R
· Social Integration: Items 5‚ 8‚ 14R‚ and 22R
· Reassurance of Worth: 6R‚ 9R‚ 13‚ and 20
· Reliable Alliance: Items 1‚ 10R‚ 18R‚ and 23
· Guidance: Items 3R‚ 12‚ 16‚ and 19R
· Opportunity for Nurturance: 4‚ 7‚ 15R‚ and 24R
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Cutrona‚ C. E.(1966). Social support as a determinant of marital quality: The interplay of negative and supportive behaviors. In: Pierce G‚ Sarason B‚ Sarason I‚ editors. Handbook of social support and the family. Plenum Press; New York: pp. 173–194.
Cutrona‚ Carolyn E. (1986). Behavioral manifestations of social support: A microanalytic investigation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology‚ 51(1)‚ 201-208.
Cutrona‚ C. E.‚ & Russell‚ D. W. (1987). The Provisions of Social Relationships and Adaptation to Stress. Advances in Personal Relationships‚ 1‚ 37-67.
Cutrona‚ C. E. (1989). Ratings of social support by adolescents and adult informants: Degree of correspondence and prediction of depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology‚ 9‚ 3-14.
Cutrona‚ C. E. & Suhr‚ J. A. (1994). Social support communication in the context of marriage: An analysis of couples' supportive interactions. In B. R. Burleson‚ T. L. Albrecht‚ ft I. G. Sarason (Eds )‚ Communication of social support: Messages‚ interactions. relationships And community (pp. 113-13S). Thousand Oaks‚ CA: Sage.
Cutrona‚ C. E. (1996). Social support in couples: Marriage as a resource in times of stress. Thousand Oaks‚ CA: Sage.
Cutrona‚ C. E.‚ Hessling‚ R. M.‚ & Suhr‚ J. (1997). The influence of husband and wife personality on marital social support interactions. Personal Relationships‚ 4. 379-393.
Cross‚ Susan E.‚ Bacon‚ Pamela L.‚ and Morris‚ Michael L. (2000). The Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal and Relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology‚ Vol. 78‚ No. 4‚ 791-808
Krebs‚ Krista Kay. (2000). Comparison of macro and micro observational methods for measuring marital social support. Unpublished doctoral Thesis. Iowa State University. DOI:10.31274/RTD-180813-13958
Nadel‚ Sarah. (2014). Developing a Social Support Measurement Instrument: A Methodological Approach to Measuring Undergraduate Perceptions of Social Support. Ohio State University. master of Arts Thesis.
Chiu‚ Chung-Yi.‚ Motl‚ Robert W.‚ and Ditchman‚ Nicole. (2016). Validation of the Social Provisions Scale in People with Multiple Sclerosis. Rehabil Psychol. August ; 61(3): 297–307. doi:10.1037/rep0000089