Modified Mini-Mental State Test (3MS or MMMS)
Teng‚ 1987
آزمون کوتاه وضعیت ذهنی
1. WHEN AND WHERE BORN? Date dd/mm/ yyyy Place city/province (5)
dd (1‚0)‚mm (1‚0)‚ yyyy (1‚0)‚ city/town (1‚0)‚ province (1‚0)
2. REGISTRATION (3)
THREE WORDS (Say the 3 words listed below‚ then ask the person to repeat them. Repeat until correct but only score the first attempt)
· Shoes (1 0)
· Blue (1 0)
· Modesty (1 0)
3. MENTAL REVERSAL (7)
COUNTING and WORLD BACKWARDS
COUNTING FORWARDS 5 to 1 (write their answer)
· Accurate (2)
· 1 or 2 errors / misses (0 1)
SPELL “WORLD”
“World” backwards (print letters) D L R O W (0 1 2 3 4 5)
Give one point for each correct answer
4. FIRST RECALL (9)
Ask the person to recall the 3
· Spontaneous recall: Shoes (3)
· Cue: Something to wear (2)
· Multiple: Shirt‚ shoes‚ socks (1)
· Missed completely (0)
· Spontaneous recall: Blue (3)
· Cue: A colour (2)
· Multiple: Black‚ brown‚ blue (1)
· Missed completely (0)
·
· Spontaneous recall: Modesty (3)
· Cue: A good personal quality (2)
· Multiple: Modesty‚ charity‚ honesty (1)
· Missed completely (0)
5. TEMPORAL ORIENTATION (15)
Today’s date
· Accurate (3)
· Missed by 1 or 2 days (2)
· Missed by 3–5 days (1)
· Missed by more than 5 days (0)
Month
· Accurate or within 5 days (2)
· Missed by 1 month (1)
· Missed by more than a month (0)
Year
1. Accurate (8)
2. Missed by 1 year (4)
3. Missed by 2–5 years (2)
4. Missed by more than 5 years (0)
Day of week
· Accurate (1)
· Missed (0)
Season
· Accurate or within a month (1)
· Missed (0)
6. SPATIAL ORIENTATION (5)
· Province (2 0)
· Country (1 0)
· City or town (1 0)
· Hosp.‚ store‚ home (1 0)
7. NAMING (5)
Ask the person to name the following:
· Forehead (1 0)
· Elbow (1 0)
· Chin (1 0)
· Knuckle (1 0)
· Shoulder (1 0)
8. FOUR-LEGGED ANIMALS (10)
(30 SECONDS) 1 POINT EACH
Ask the person to name as many 4 legged animals as they can in 30 seconds. The maximum score is 10.
9. SIMILARITIES (6)
Ask the person how an Arm and Leg are similar.
Arm-leg
· Limbs‚ extremities (2)
· Body‚ parts‚ bend‚ move‚ joint (1)
· Very weak similarity or no similarity (0)
Laughing-crying
· Feeling‚ emotion (2)
· Expressions‚ sounds‚ relieve tension (1)
· Very weak similarity or no similarity (0)
Eating-sleeping
· Necessary bodily functions (2)
· Bodily functions‚ relaxing‚ good for you (1)
· Very weak similarity or no similarity (0 )
10. REPETITION (5)
I would like to go home (out)
· Correct (2)
· 1 or 2 missed/wrong words (1)
· More than 2 missed/wrong words (0)
· No ifs (1 0)
· ands (1 0)
· or buts (1 0)
11. READ AND OBEY “CLOSE YOUR EYES” (Use Cue Card) (3)
· Obeys without prompting 3
· Obeys after prompting (2)
· Read aloud only (1)
· None of the above (0)
12. WRITING (5)
(1 minute)
Ask the person to write on the next page: (I) would like to go home (out) (0 1 2 3 4 5)
13. COPYING TWO PENTAGONS (1 minute) (10)
Ask the person to copy the design on the next page.
· 5 approx equal sides: Pentagon 1(4)‚ Pentagon 2 (4)
· 5 unequal (2:1) sides: Pentagon 1(3)‚ Pentagon 2 (3)
· Other enclosed figures: Pentagon 1(2)‚ Pentagon 2 (2)
· 2 or more lines: Pentagon 1(1)‚ Pentagon 2 (1)
· Less than 2 lines: Pentagon 1(0)‚ Pentagon 2 (0)
Intersection
· 4 corners (2)
· Not 4 corner enclosure (1)
· No intersection or no enclosure (0)
14. THREE STAGE COMMAND (3)
Ask the person to follow a 3 stage command: ‘Take a piece of paper in your left/right hand‚ fold it in half‚ and hand it back to me’.
· Take this paper with your . . .
· Left/right hand (1 0)
· fold it in half (1 0)
· and hand it back to me (1 0)
15. SECOND RECALL (9)
Ask the person to recall the 3 words from 4th question.
· Spontaneous recall: Shoes (3)
· Cue: Something to wear (2)
· Multiple: Shirt‚ shoes‚ socks (1)
· Missed completely (0)
· Spontaneous recall: Blue (3)
· Cue: A colour (2)
· Multiple: Black‚ brown‚ blue (1)
· Missed completely (0)
·
· Spontaneous recall: Modesty (3)
· Cue: A good personal quality (2)
· Multiple: Modesty‚ charity‚ honesty (1)
· Missed completely (0)
شرح سایت روان سنجی: این آزمون برای تمیز دادن سطوح مختلف زوال عقل است که ارزیابی کوتاهی از توج، تمرکز، جهت یابی زمانی و مکانی، حافظه کوتاه و بلند مدت، توانایی بیانی و تفکر انتزاعی به دست می دهد. به منظور غربالگری کاستی های شناختی در کار بالینی نیز استفاده می شود.
اعتبار: بازآزمایی بین 52 تا 98 روز در دامنه 0.91تا 0.93، ضریب ثبات یک ماهه 0.80 (تنگ و همکاران،1990) . در مطالعه کانادا، آلفا 0.87، دو نیمه کردن 0.82 (مک داول، 1997، 2006)
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Teng‚ E.L.‚ Chui‚ H.C. (1987). The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination. J Clin Psychiatry‚ 48(8):314-8.
Teng‚ E.L.‚ Chui‚ H.C.‚ Gong‚ A. (1990). Comparisons between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and its modified version - the 3MS test. Excerpta Med‚189–192.
Lamarre‚ C.J.‚ Patten‚ S.B. (1991). Evaluation of the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination in a general psychiatric population. Can J Psychiatry‚ 36:507–511.
Schulzer‚ M.‚ Calne‚ D.B.‚ Snow‚ B.‚ et al. (1993). Ascoring error in the Mini-Mental State test. Can J Psychiatry‚ 38:603–605.
Nadler‚ J‚D.‚ Relkin‚ N.R.‚ Cohen‚ M.S.‚ et al.(1995). Mental status testing in the elderly nursing home population. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol‚ 8:177–183.
Bravo‚ G.‚ Hébert‚ R. (1997). Reliability of the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination in the context of a two-phase community prevalence study. Neuroepidemiol‚ 16:141–148.
McDowell‚ I.‚ Kristjansson‚ B.‚ Hill‚ G.B.‚ et al. (1997). Community screening for dementia: the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3MS) compared. J Clin Epidemiol‚ 50:377–383.
Correa‚ J.A.‚ Perrault‚ A.‚ Wolfson‚ C. (2000). Reliable individual change scores on the 3MS in older persons with dementia: results from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Int Psychogeriatr‚ 12(suppl. 2):73–80.
Tschanz‚ J.T.‚ Welsh-Bohmer‚ K.A.‚ Plassman‚ B.L‚ et al. (2002). An adaptation of the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination: analysis of demographic influences and normative data. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol;15:28–38.
McDowell‚ Ian. (2006). Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires‚ Third Edition. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS