Psychological Well-Being Scale (SPWB)
Ryff‚ 1989
Ryff’s (1995) Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB)
مقیاس سلامت روانی
مقیاس 18 گویه ای
1.* I tend to be influenced by people with strong opinions.
2. In general‚ I feel I am in charge of the situation in which I live.
3. I think it is important to have new experiences that challenge how you think about yourself and the world.
4.* Maintaining close relationships has been difficult and frustrating for me.
5.* I live life one day at a time and don’t really think about the future.
6. When I look at the story of my life‚ I am pleased with how things have turned out.
7. I have confidence in my opinions‚ even if they are contrary to the general consensus.
8.* The demands of everyday life often get me down.
9.† For me‚ life has been a continuous process of learning‚ changing and growth.
10. People would describe me as a giving person‚ willing to share my time with others.
11.† Some people wander aimlessly through life‚ but I am not one of them.
12. I like most aspects of my personality.
13.† I judge myself by what I think is important‚ not by the values of what others think is important.
14.† I am quite good at managing the many responsibilities of my daily life.
15.* I gave up trying to make a big improvements or changes in my life a long time ago.
16.*† I have not experienced many warm and trusting relationships with others.
17.* I sometimes feel as if I’ve done all there is to do in life.
18.*† In many ways‚ I feel disappointed about my achievements in life.
*These items are reverse-scored so that higher scores correspond to greater psychological well-being. †These questions were selected for the Psychological Well-Being Index (PWB).
مقیاس 42 گویه ای
1. I am not afraid to voice my opinions‚ even when they are in opposition to the opinions of most people.
2. In general‚ I feel I am in charge of the situation in which I live.
3. I am not interested in activities that will expand my horizons.
4. Most people see me as loving and affectionate.
5. I live life one day at a time and don't really think about the future.
6. When I look at the story of my life‚ I am pleased with how things have turned out.
7. My decisions are not usually influenced by what everyone else is doing.
8. The demands of everyday life often get me down.
9. I think it is important to have new experiences that challenge how you think about yourself and the world.
10.Maintaining close relationships has been difficult and frustrating for me.
11.I have a sense of direction and purpose in life.
12.In general‚ I feel confident and positive about myself.
13.I tend to worry about what other people think of me.
14.I do not fit very well with the people and the community around me.
15.When I think about it‚ I haven't really improved much as a person over the years.
16.I often feel lonely because I have few close friends with whom to share my concerns.
17.My daily activities often seem trivial and unimportant to me.
18.I feel like many of the people I know have gotten more out of life than I have.
19.I tend to be influenced by people with strong opinions.
20.I am quite good at managing the many responsibilities of my daily life.
21.I have the sense that I have developed a lot as a person over time.
22.I enjoy personal and mutual conversations with family members or friends.
23.I don't have a good sense of what it is I'm trying to accomplish in life.
24.I like most aspects of my personality.
25.I have confidence in my opinions‚ even if they are contrary to the general consensus.
26.I often feel overwhelmed by my responsibilities
27.I do not enjoy being in new situations that require me to change my old familiar ways of doing things.
28.People would describe me as a giving person‚ willing to share my time with others.
29.I enjoy making plans for the future and working to make them a reality.
30.In many ways‚ I feel disappointed about my achievements in life.
31.It's difficult for me to voice my own opinions on controversial matters.
32.I have difficulty arranging my life in a way that is satisfying to me.
33.For me‚ life has been a continuous process of learning‚ changing‚ and growth.
34.I have not experienced many warm and trusting relationships with others.
35.Some people wander aimlessly through life‚ but I am not one of them
36.My attitude about myself is probably not as positive as most people feel about themselves.
37.I judge myself by what I think is important‚ not by the values of what others think is important.
38. I have been able to build a home and a lifestyle for myself that is much to my liking.
39. I gave up trying to make big improvements or changes in my life a long time ago.
40. I know that I can trust my friends‚ and they know they can trust me.
41.I sometimes feel as if I've done all there is to do in life.
42.When I compare myself to friends and acquaintances‚ it makes me feel good about who I am.
Recode negative phrased items: # 3‚ 5‚ 10‚ 13‚14‚15‚16‚17‚18‚19‚ 23‚ 26‚ 27‚ 30‚ 31‚ 32‚ 34‚ 36‚ 39‚ and 41.
Add together the final degree of agreement in the 6 dimensions:
a. Autonomy: items 1‚ 7‚13‚19‚25‚ 31‚ 37
b. Environmental mastery: items 2‚ 8‚ 14‚ 20‚26‚32‚38
c. Personal Growth: items 3‚ 9‚ 15‚ 21‚27‚33‚39
d. Positive Relations: items: 4‚10‚16‚22‚28‚34‚40
e. Purpose in life: items: 5‚11‚17‚23‚29‚35‚41
f. Self-acceptance: items 6‚12‚18‚24‚30‚36‚42
مقیاس 54 گویه ای
1. Most people see me as loving and affectionate.
2. I am not afraid to voice my opinion‚ even when they are in opposition to the opinions of most people.
3. In general‚ I feel I am in charge of the situation in which I live.
4. I am not interested in activities that will expand my horizons.
5. I live life one day at a time and don’t really think about the future.
6. When I look at the story of my life‚ I am pleased with how things have turned out.
7. Maintaining close relationships has been difficulty and frustrating for me.
8. My decisions are not usually influenced by what everyone else is doing.
9. The demands of everyday life often get me down.
10.I don’t want to try new ways of doing things—my life is fine the way it is.
11.I tend to focus on the present‚ because the future always brings me problems.
12.In general‚ I feel confident and positive about myself.
13.I often feel lonely because I have few close friends with whom to share my concerns.
14.I tend to worry about what other people think of me.
15.I do not fit very well with the people and the community around me.
16.I think it is important to have new experiences that challenge how you think about yourself and the world.
17.My daily activities often seem trivial and unimportant to me.
18.I feel like many of the people I know have gotten more out of life than I have.
19.I enjoy personal and mutual conversations with family members or friends.
20.Being happy with myself is more important to me than having others approve of me.
21.I am quite good at managing the many responsibilities of my daily life.
22.When I think about it‚ I haven’t really improved much as a person over the years.
23.I don’t have a good sense of what it is I’m trying to accomplish in my life.
24.I like most aspects of my personality.
25.I don’t have many people who want to listen when I need to talk.
26.I tend to be influenced by people with strong opinions.
27.I often feel overwhelmed by my responsibilities.
28.I have a sense that I have developed a lot as a person over time.
29.I used to set goals for myself‚ but that now seems a waste of time.
30.I made some mistakes in the past‚ but I feel that all in all everything has worked out for the best.
31.It seems to me that most other people have more friends than I do.
32.I have confidence in my opinions‚ even if they are contrary to the general consensus.
33.I generally do a good job of taking care of my personal finances and affairs.
34.I do not enjoy being in new situations that require me to change my old familiar ways of doing things.
35.I enjoy making plans for the future and working to make them a reality.
36.In many ways‚ I feel disappointed about my achievements in my life.
37.People would describe me as a giving person‚ willing to share my time with others.
38.It’s difficult for me to voice my own opinions on controversial matters.
39.I am good at juggling my time so that I can fit everything in that needs to be done.
40.For me‚ life has been a continuous process of learning‚ changing‚ and growth.
41.I am an active person in carrying out the plans I set for myself.
42.My attitude about myself is probably not as positive as most people feel about themselves.
43.I have not experienced many warm and trusting relationships with others.
44.I often change my mind about decisions if my friends or family disagree.
45.I have difficulty arranging my life in a way that is satisfying to me.
46.I gave up trying to make big improvements or change in my life a long time ago.
47.Some people wander aimlessly through life‚ but I am not one of them.
48.The past has its ups and downs‚ but in general‚ I wouldn’t want to change it.
49.I know that I can trust my friends‚ and they know they can trust me.
50.I judge myself by what I think is important‚ not by the values of what others think is important.
51.I have been able to build a home and a lifestyle for myself that is much to my liking.
52.There is truth to the saying that you can’t teach an old dog new tricks.
53.I sometimes feel as if I’ve done all there is to do in life.
54.When I compare myself to friends and acquaintances‚ it makes me feel good about who I am.
Item numbers 4‚ 5‚ 7‚ 9‚ 10‚ 11‚ 13‚14‚15‚17‚18‚ 22‚ 23‚ 25‚ 26‚ 27‚ 29‚ 31‚ 34‚ 36‚ 38‚ 42‚ 43‚ 44‚ 45‚ 46‚ 52‚ 53 in the above are reverse scored
Autonomy – the extent to which students view themselves as being independent and able to resist social pressures
1. I am not afraid to voice my opinions‚ even when they are in opposition to the opinions of most people.
2. My decisions are not usually influenced by what everyone else is doing.
3. I tend to worry about what other people think of me. (rs)
4. Being happy with myself is more important to me than having others approve of me.
5. I tend to be influenced by people with strong opinions. (rs)
6. I have confidence in my opinions‚ even if they are contrary to the general consensus.
7. It’s difficult for me to voice my own opinions on controversial matters. (rs)
8. I often change my mind about decisions if my friends or family disagree. (rs)
9. I judge myself by what I think is important‚ not by the values of what others think is important.
Environmental mastery – the extent to which students feel in control of and able to act in the environment
1. In general‚ I feel I am in charge of the situation in which I live.
2. The demands of everyday life often get me down. (rs)
3. I do not fit very well with the people in the community around me. (rs)
4. I am quite good at managing the many responsibilities of my daily life.
5. I often feel overwhelmed by my responsibilities. (rs)
6. I generally do a good job of taking care of my personal finances and affairs.
7. I am good at juggling my time so that I can fit everything in that needs to be done.
8. I have difficulty arranging my life in a way that is satisfying to me. (rs)
9. I have been able to build a home and a lifestyle for myself that is much to my liking.
Personal Growth – the extent to which students have a sense of continued development and self-improvement
1. I am not interested in activities that will expand my horizons. (rs)
2. I don't want to try new ways of doing things—my life is fine the way it is. (rs)
3. I think it is important to have new experiences that challenge how you think about yourself and the world.
4. When I think about it‚ I haven't really improved much as a person over the years. (rs)
5. I have a sense that I have developed a lot as a person over time.
6. I do not enjoy being in new situations that require me to change my old familiar ways of doing things. (rs)
7. For me‚ life has been a continuous process of learning‚ changing‚ and growth.
8. I gave up trying to make big improvements or changes in my life a long time ago. (rs)
9. There is truth to the saying that you can't teach an old dog new tricks. (rs)
Positive Relations with Others – the extent to which students have satisfying‚ trusting relationships with other people
1. Most people see me as loving and affectionate.
2. Maintaining close relationships has been difficult and frustrating for me. (rs)
3. I often feel lonely because I have few close friends with whom to share my concerns. (rs)
4. I enjoy personal and mutual conversations with family members or friends.
5. I don't have many people who want to listen when I need to talk. (rs)
6. It seems to me that most other people have more friends than I do. (rs)
7. People would describe me as a giving person‚ willing to share my time with others.
8. I have not experienced many warm and trusting relationships with others. (rs)
9. I know that I can trust my friends‚ and they know that they can trust me.
Purpose in Life – the extent to which students hold beliefs that give life meaning
1. I live one day at a time and don't really think about the future. (rs)
2. I tend to focus on the present‚ because the future always brings me problems. (rs)
3. My daily activities often seem trivial and unimportant to me. (rs)
4. I don't have a good sense of what it is that I am trying to accomplish in my life. (rs)
5. I used to set goals for myself‚ but that now seems a waste of time. (rs)
6. I enjoy making plans for the future and working to make them a reality.
7. I am an active person in carrying out the plans I set for myself.
8. Some people wander aimlessly through life‚ but I am not one of them.
9. I sometimes feel as if I’ve done all there is to do in life. (rs)
Self-Acceptance – the extent to which students have a positive attitude about themselves
1. When I look at the story of my life‚ I am pleased with how things have turned out.
2. In general‚ I feel confident and positive about myself.
3. I feel like many of the people I know have gotten more out of life than I have. (rs)
4. I like most aspects of my personality.
5. I made some mistakes in the past‚ but I feel that all in all everything has worked out for the best.
6. In many ways‚ I feel disappointed about my achievements in my life. (rs)
7. My attitude about myself is probably not as positive as most people feel about themselves. (rs)
8. The past had its ups and downs‚ but in general‚ I wouldn't want to change it.
9. When I compare myself to friends and acquaintances‚ it makes me feel good about who I am.
Brief PWB Scale: Add items: 3‚ 16‚ 20‚ 31‚ 34‚ 37‚ 40‚ 43‚ 48‚ and 51
The sum of these 10 items represents your Brief score. You can write Brief Score somewhere on Page 1 and put your sum.
مقیاس 84 گویه ای
1. Most people see me as loving and affectionate.
2. Sometimes I change the way I act or think to be more like those around me.
3. In general‚ I feel I am in charge of the situation in which I live.
4. I am not interested in activities that will expand my horizons.
5. I feel good when I think of what I’ve done in the past and what I hope to do in the future.
6. When I look at the story of my life‚ I am pleased with how things have turned out.
7. Maintaining close relationships has been difficult and frustrating for me.
8. I am not afraid to voice my opinions‚ even when they are in opposition to the opinions of most people.
9. The demands of everyday life often get me down.
10.In general‚ I feel that I continue to learn more about myself as time goes by.
11.Live life one day at a time and don’t really think about the future.
12. In general‚ I feel confident and positive about myself.
13. I often feel lonely because I have few close friends with whom to share my concerns.
14.My decisions are not usually influenced by what everyone else is doing.
15.I do not fit very well with the people and the community around me.
16. I am the kind of person who likes to give new things a try.
17.. I tend to focus on the present‚ because the future nearly always brings me problems.
18. I feel like many of the people I know have gotten more out of life than I have.
19. I enjoy personal and mutual conversations with family members or friends.
20. I tend to worry about what other people think of me.
21. I am quite good at managing the many responsibilities of my daily life.
22. I don’t want to try new ways of doing things - my life is fine the way it is.
23.. I have a sense of direction and purpose in life.
24. Given the opportunity‚ there are many things about myself that I would change.
25. It is important to me to be a good listener when close friends talk to me about their problems.
26. Being happy with myself is more important to me than having others approve of me.
27.I often feel overwhelmed by my responsibilities.
28. I think it is important to have new experiences that challenge how you think about yourself and the world.
29.. My daily activities often seem trivial and unimportant to me.
30. I like most aspects of my personality.
31.I don’t have many people who want to listen when I need to talk.
32.. I tend to be influenced by people with strong opinions.
33. If I were unhappy with my living situation‚ I would take effective steps to change it.
34.. When I think about it‚ I haven’t really improved much as a person over the years.
35. I don’t have a good sense of what it is I’m trying to accomplish in life.
36.. I made some mistakes in the past‚ but I feel that all in all everything has worked out for the best.
37. I feel like I get a lot out of my friendships.
38. People rarely talk to me into doing things I don’t want to do.
39. I generally do a good job of taking care of my personal finances and affairs.
40. In my view‚ people of every age are able to continue growing and developing.
41. I used to set goals for myself‚ but that now seems like a waste of time.
42. In many ways‚ I feel disappointed about my achievements in life.
43. It seems to me that most other people have more friends than I do.
44. It is more important to me to ―fit in‖ with others than to stand alone on my principles.
45. I find it stressful that I can’t keep up with all of the things I have to do each day.
46. With time‚ I have gained a lot of insight about life that has made me a stronger‚ more capable person.
47. I enjoy making plans for the future and working to make them a reality.
48.For the most part‚ I am proud of who I am and the life I lead.
49. People would describe me as a giving person‚ willing to share my time with others.
50. I have confidence in my opinions‚ even if they are contrary to the general consensus.
51. I am good at juggling my time so that I can fit everything in that needs to be done.
52.I have a sense that I have developed a lot as a person over time.
53. I am an active person in carrying out the plans I set for myself.
54. I envy many people for the lives they lead.
55. I have not experienced many warm and trusting relationships with others.
56. It’s difficult for me to voice my own opinions on controversial matters.
57. My daily life is busy‚ but I derive a sense of satisfaction from keeping up with everything.
58. I do not enjoy being in new situations that require me to change my old familiar ways of doing things.
59. Some people wander aimlessly through life‚ but I am not one of them.
60. My attitude about myself is probably not as positive as most people feel about themselves.
61. I often feel as if I’m on the outside looking in when it comes to friendships.
62. I often change my mind about decisions if my friends or family disagree.
63. I get frustrated when trying to plan my daily activities because I never accomplish the things I set out to do.
64. For me‚ life has been a continuous process of learning‚ changing‚ and growth.
65. I sometimes feel as if I’ve done all there is to do in life.
66. Many days I wake up feeling discouraged about how I have lived my life.
67. I know that I can trust my friends‚ and they know they can trust me.
68. I am not the kind of person who gives in to social pressures to think or act in certain ways.
69. My efforts to find the kinds of activities and relationships that I need have been quite successful.
70. I enjoy seeing how my views have changed and matured over the years.
71. My aims in life have been more a source of satisfaction than frustration to me.
72. The past had its ups and downs‚ but in general‚ I wouldn’t want to change it.
73. I find it difficult to really open up when I talk with others.
74. I am concerned about how other people evaluate the choices I have made in my life.
75. I have difficulty arranging my life in a way that is satisfying to me.
76. I gave up trying to make big improvements or changes in my life a long time ago.
77. I find it satisfying to think about what I have accomplished in life.
78. When I compare myself to friends and acquaintances‚ it makes me feel good about who I am.
79. My friends and I sympathize with each other’s problems.
80.I judge myself by what I think is important‚ not by the values of what others think is important.
81. I have been able to build a home and a lifestyle for myself that is much to my liking.
82. There is truth to the saying that you can’t teach an old dog new tricks.
83. In the final analysis‚ I’m not so sure that my life adds up to much.
84.Everyone has their weaknesses‚ but I seem to have more than my share.
سایت روانسنجی : نسخه اصلی این ابزار از شش خرده مقیاس 20 گویه ای تشکیل شده است.
نام گذاری زمینه ها در گزارش های گوناگون اندکی تفاوت دارند.
Self-acceptance‚ positive relations with others‚ autonomy‚ environmental mastery‚ purpose in life‚ and personal growth
self-acceptance‚ the establishment of quality ties to other‚ a sense of autonomy in thought and action‚ the ability to manage complex environments to suit personal needs and values‚ the pursuit of meaningful goals and a sense of purpose in life‚ continued growth and development as a person
اعتبار:
Psychometric Properties of the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being
|
Scales:
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Internal consistency of 20-item parent scale
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Test-retest reliability of 20-item parent scale
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14-item scale correlation with 20-item parent scale
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Internal consistency of 20-item parent scale
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Internal consistency of 3-item scale
|
|
Self-acceptance
|
.93
|
.85
|
.99
|
.91
|
.52
|
|
Positive Relations with others
|
.91
|
.83
|
.98
|
.88
|
.56
|
|
Autonomy
|
.86
|
.88
|
.97
|
.83
|
.37
|
|
Environmental mastery
|
.90
|
.81
|
.98
|
.86
|
.49
|
|
Purpose in Life
|
.90
|
.82
|
.98
|
.88
|
.33
|
|
Personal Growth
|
.87
|
.81
|
.97
|
.85
|
.40
|
نمره گذاری:
1=strongly disagree‚ 2=moderately disagree‚ 3=slightlydisagree‚ 4=slightlyagree‚ 5=moderately agree‚ 6=stronglyagree
منبع و ماخذ
Ryff‚ C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything‚ or is it? Explorations on the meanings of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology‚ 57‚ 1069-1081.
Lease‚ S. H.‚ Horne‚ S. G.‚ & Noffsinger-Frazier‚ N. (2005). Affirming faith experiences and psychological health for Caucasian lesbian‚ gay‚ and bisexual individuals. Journal of Counseling Psychology‚ 52‚ 378-388.
Ryff‚ C.D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science‚ 4‚ 99-104.
Ryff‚ C.D.‚ & Keyes‚ C.L.M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology‚ 69‚ 719-727
Ryff‚ C.D.‚ & Singer‚ B. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry‚ 9‚ 1-28.
Hauser‚ R.M.‚ Springer‚ K.W.‚ Pudrovska‚ T. (2005‚ November). Temporal structures of psychological well-being: Continuity or change. Paper presented at the 58th annual scientific meeting of the Gerontological Society of America‚ Orlando‚ Florida.
Ryff‚ C. D. & Singer‚ B. H. (2006). Best news yet on the six-factor model of well-being. Social Science Research‚ 35‚ 1103–1119.
Springer‚ K. W. & Hauser‚ R. M. (2006). An assessment of the construct validity of Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being: Method‚ mode and measurement effects. Social Science Research‚ 35‚ 1080–1102.
Springer‚ K. W.‚ Hauser‚ R. M.‚ & Freese‚ J. (2006). Bad news indeed for the Ryff’s six-factor model of well-being. Social Science Research‚ 35‚ 1120–1131.
Fisher. Lauren Dyan‚. 2012. Antecedents and outcomes of sexual orientation disclosure in the workplace among lesbians. olumbia University Academic Commons. Doctoral thesis