Differential Loneliness Scale (DLS)
Schmidt & Sermat ‚ 1983
مقیاس تنهایی افتراقی
1. I find it easy to express feelings of affection toward members of my family.*
2. Most everyone around me is a stranger.
3. I usually wait for a friend to call me up and invite me out before making plans to go anywhere.
4. Most of my friends understand my motives and reasoning.*
5. At this time‚ I do not have a romantic relationship that means a lot to me.
6. I don’t get along very well with my family.
7. I have at least one good friend of the same sex.*
8. I can’t depend on getting moral or financial support from any group or organization in a time of trouble.
9. I am now involved in a romantic or marital relationship where both of us make a genuine effort at cooperation.*
10.I often become shy and retiring in the company of relatives.
11.Some of my friends will stand by me in almost any difficulty.*
12.People in my community aren’t really interested in what I think or feel.
13.My trying to have friends and to be liked seldom succeeds the way I would like it to.
14.I spend time talking individually with each member of my family.*
15.I find it difficult to tell anyone that I love him or her.
16.I don=t have many friends in the city where I live.
17.I work well with others in a group.*
18.I am an important part of the emotional and physical well-being of my lover or spouse.*
19.I don’t feel that I can turn to my friends living around me for help when I need it.
20.I don’t think that anyone in my family really understands me.
21.I have a lover or spouse who fulfils many of my emotional needs.*
22.My friends are generally interested in what I am doing‚ although not to the point of being nosy.*
23.Members of my family enjoy meeting my friends.*
24.I allow myself to become close to my friends.*
25.My relatives are generally too busy with their concerns to bother about my problems.
26.Few of my friends understand me the way I want to be understood.
27.No one in the community where I live cares much about me.
28.Right now‚ I don’t have true compatibility in a romantic or marital relationship.
29.Members of my family give me the kind of support that I need.*
30.A lot of my friendships ultimately turn out to be pretty disappointing.
31.My romantic or marital partner gives me much support and encouragement.*
32.I am not very open with members of my family.
33.I often feel resentful about certain actions of my friends.
34.I am embarrassed about the way my family behaves.
35.People who say they are in love with me are usually only trying to rationalize using me for their own purposes.
36.I have a good relationship with most members of my family.*
37.In my relationships‚ I am generally able to express both positive and negative feelings.*
38.I don’t get much satisfaction from the groups I attend.
39.I get plenty of help and support from friends.*
40.I seem to have little to say to members of my family.
41.I don’t have any one special love relationship in which I feel really understood.
42.I really feel that I belong to a family.*
43.I have few friends with whom I can talk openly.
44.My family is quite critical of me.
45.I have an active love life.*
46.I have few friends that I can depend on to fulfil their end of mutual commitments.
47.Generally I feel that members of my family acknowledge my strengths and positive qualities.*
48.I have at least one real friend.*
49.I don’t have any neighbours who would help me out in a time of need.
50.Members of my family are relaxed and easy-going with each other.*
51.I have moved around so much that I find it difficult to maintain lasting friendships.
52.I tend to get along well with partners in romantic relationships.*
53.I find it difficult to invite a friend to do something with me.
54.I have little contact with members of my family.
55.My friends don=t seem to stay interested in me for long.
56.There are people in my community who understand my views and beliefs.*
57.As much as possible‚ I avoid members of my family.
58.I seldom get the emotional security I need from a romantic or sexual relationship.
59.My family usually values my opinion when a family decision is to be made.
60.Most of my friends are genuinely concerned about my welfare. *
شرح سایت روان سنجی: این مقیاس احساس ذهنی فرد از عدم رضایت در انواع ارتباط های اجتماعی (روابط عاشقانه جنسی، دوستی، روابط فامیلی، روابط با جامعه) را اندازه گیری می کند. به سخن دیگر، این مقیاس تلاش دارد تفاوت میان آنچه که فرد از رابطه می خواهد و آنچه که دارد را می سنجد.
1) romantic sexual relationships‚ (2) friendships‚ (3) family relationships‚ (4) relationships with the community
اعتبار: سایت روان سنجی نیافت
نمره گذاری:
TRUE‚ FALSE
For items with no asterisk‚ each marking of T (TRUE) is given one point. For items with an asterisk‚ each marking of F (FALSE) is given one point.
Romantic/ sexual relationships (5‚ 9‚ 15‚ 18‚ 21‚ 28‚ 31‚ 35‚ 41‚ 45‚ 52‚ and 58)‚ Friendships (3‚ 4‚ 7‚ 11‚ 13‚ 16‚ 19‚ 22‚ 23‚ 24‚ 26‚ 30‚ 33‚ 37‚ 39‚ 43‚ 46‚ 48‚ 51‚ 53‚ 55‚ and 60)‚ Family relationships‚ (1‚ 6‚ 10‚ 14‚ 20‚ 25‚ 29‚ 32‚ 34‚ 36‚ 40‚ 42‚ 44‚ 47‚ 50‚ 54‚ 57 and 59)‚ Relationships with the community (2‚ 8‚ 12‚ 17‚ 27‚ 38‚ 49‚ and 56)8
چگونگی دستیابی
منبع برای آگاهی بیشتر
Schmidt‚ N. & Sermat‚ V. (1983). Measuring loneliness in different relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology‚ 44‚ 1038-1047.
Marshall‚ G. W.‚ Michaels‚ C. E.‚ & Mulki‚ J. P. (2007). Workplace isolation: Exploring the constructs and its measurements. Psychology and Marketing‚ 24‚ 195-223.